A meningocele is a birth defect where there is a sac protruding from the spinal column. The sac includes spinal fluid, but does not contain neural tissue. It may be covered with skin or with meninges (the membranes that cover the central nervous system). The sac often is visible from the outside of the back.
Meningoceles are considered to be neural tube defects and are a form of spina bifida. It is the least common type of spina bifida. Spina bifida occurs in about 1 out of every 1,000 births.
The preferred surgical treatment at UPMC for closing meningoceles at the skull base and top of the spine is the Endoscopic Endonasal Approach (EEA). This innovative technique involves using the nose and nasal cavities to reach and repair the sac. EEA offers the benefits of no incisions to heal, no disfigurement to the baby, and a shorter recovery time.
For closing meningoceles lower in the spine, UPMC spine specialists utilize minimally invasive spine surgery techniques.
Meningoceles are typically diagnosed before birth. A physician may make the diagnosis through ultrasound, amniocentesis, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) screenings in the second trimester, as well as multiple-marking screening tests. The blood screening tests and amniocentesis can indicate a neural tube defect. The meningocele may be visible with an ultrasound.
Treating the meningocele involves closing the overlying meninges and the skin. Surgery is performed within a day or two of birth, and is necessary to prevent infection and to protect the exposed area of the spine.
Meningoceles at the skull base and top of the spine can be approached directly by using the Endoscopic Endonasal Approach (EEA). This approach allows surgeons to see and access the sac well without making incisions in the face or skull. EEA offers the benefits of no incisions to heal, no disfigurement to the baby, and a shorter recovery time.
At UPMC, we take a 360° Approach to treatment when evaluating each patient—looking at their conditions from every direction—to find the path that is least disruptive to the patient's brain, critical nerves, and ability to return to normal functioning. Our neurosurgical team may recommend a combination of surgical and non-surgical approaches to maximize the benefits of surgery while minimizing risks.
For closing meningoceles lower in the spine, UPMC spine specialists utilize minimally invasive spine surgery techniques.
